Women’s Health and Benefits of Omega-3 Fish Oil

By Joseph C. Maroon, MD, FACS

Until the 1990s, most research involving human health and disease used the “male model”. As a result, women were significantly underrepresented in many areas of clinical research, particularly in early-stage trials. This has created significant gaps in medical knowledge, leading to potential untested treatments that might be ineffective or even harmful to women.

One of the most disturbing gaps is the lack of research on preventing and treating Alzheimer's disease. This gap in research has led to inadequate understanding of risk factors, such as differences in hormones, menopause, and the progression of the disease in women. Women are, in fact, more likely to develop Alzheimer's than men. As a result of this bias, women with Alzheimer's may be diagnosed later than men despite a faster rate of cognitive decline.

Brain Benefits of Omega Lipids

In September 2025, a new research study at King’s College in London investigated the differences between men and women with Alzheimer’s disease, comparing omega-3 levels of each sex. Specifically, they were investigating why the female brain was potentially more susceptible to Alzheimer’s disease. Typically, compared to men, women have higher levels of omega-3 fatty acids, but in the current analysis, women with Alzheimer’s showed a surprising deficit in these lipid molecules. They concluded that “healthy”, unsaturated fats, like omega-3, may partly explain that finding.

The researchers did not find the same lipid changes in men with Alzheimer’s compared to men without Alzheimer’s, indicating that these fats may affect the disease differently based on sex. While more research is necessary to understand the exact mechanisms and confirm these benefits, consuming omega-3s from foods like salmon, walnuts, and certified dietary supplements could support overall brain health and potentially help prevent cognitive decline in women.

It has long been recognized that omega-3s are essential fats that promote overall brain health by maintaining the structure of brain cells, improving memory and learning, and supporting cognitive function. Omega-3s, especially DHA, are a major component of brain cell membranes, keeping them flexible and functioning properly. Omega-3s help to lower inflammation in the body and brain, which is a known factor for joint pain and cognitive decline. 

I personally use omega-3 fish oil daily and recommend a high-quality source of omega-3 as a dietary supplement for my patients. Consult your healthcare professional before beginning any new supplement or making significant dietary changes.