Spot the Scam Before It Spots You

As the seasons change from winter to spring, so do the tactics scammers use to target older adults. These months bring unique risks, from tax season fraud to weather-related schemes and the growing presence of artificial intelligence (AI) powered deception. Older adults are often targeted because of their perceived vulnerability, but with knowledge and vigilance, they can stay protected. This article explores some of the most prevalent scams during this time of year and provides practical resources for those who may be concerned about falling victim.

Spring Scams: New Beginnings, New Threats

As the weather warms, scammers pivot to take advantage of seasonal changes. Spring cleaning and home improvement can open doors for the following types of fraud:

• Home Improvement Scams: Unsolicited contractors may offer to repair roofs, driveways, or gutters, often at a “discount” for cash payments. Frequently, these repairs are unnecessary, incomplete, or never happen at all.

  
  

• Landscaping and Pest Control Scams: Offers for low-cost yard work or pest removal may be accompanied by high-pressure sales tactics and requests for upfront payment with little to no work performed.

  
  

• Fake Vacation Offers: With spring break and summer approaching, fraudulent travel deals surface, promising luxury trips for a fraction of the cost. Victims may pay for trips or lodging that do not exist.

  
  

Tax Season Scams: A Persistent Danger

Tax season, which falls in late winter and early spring, is prime time for scammers to target older adults. Common tactics include:

• IRS Impersonation: Scammers call, email, or send letters pretending to be from the Internal Revenue Service. They may threaten arrest or legal action unless immediate payment is made. The real IRS will never demand payment over the phone or ask for sensitive information via email.

  
  

• Fake Tax Preparation Services: Fraudulent “tax preparers” may promise large refunds, charge exorbitant fees, or steal personal information for identity theft. Sometimes, they file false returns in the victim’s name, pocketing the refund.

  
  

• Phishing Emails and Texts: Links in emails or texts may direct recipients to fake IRS websites or request personal information under the guise of “verifying” a tax return or refund status.

  
  

To avoid these scams, remember: the IRS will not contact you by phone, email, or text to demand immediate payment or personal information. Always use official IRS contact information and consult a trusted tax professional when in doubt.

AI-Related Scams: A New Frontier

The rapid development of AI has enabled more sophisticated scams that can be especially confusing for anyone. Some prominent examples include:

• Deepfake Phone Calls and Videos: Using AI, scammers can mimic the voices of loved ones or trusted officials, convincingly requesting money or personal information. For example, an individual might receive a call from someone sounding exactly like their grandchild, claiming to be in trouble and needing urgent financial help.

  
  

• AI-Generated Phishing Messages: AI tools can craft highly personalized emails or messages that reference real details about the victim, making them more believable and increasing the likelihood of falling for the scam.

  
  

• Fake Romance or Friendship Bots: AI chatbots can be used to build trust and emotional connections with isolated individuals, ultimately requesting money or sensitive information under false pretenses.

  
  

To combat AI-related scams, verify all unexpected requests, especially those involving money or personal information, using a known phone number or in-person contact. Be cautious about sharing audio or video clips online and limit public access to personal social media sites.

Tips for Staying Safe Year-Round

1. Be Skeptical of Unsolicited Contacts: Don’t provide information or agree to services from people who contact you out of the blue. If someone claims to be from a utility company, the IRS, or another official entity, call them back at a number you find independently.

   
   

2. Never Pay with Gift Cards, Wire Transfers, or Cryptocurrency: Legitimate companies and agencies do not request these forms of payment.

   
   

3. Consult Trusted Family and Friends: Before making major decisions or payments, talk it over with someone you trust.

   
   

4. Shred Sensitive Documents: Dispose of old bills, tax returns, and personal papers securely to prevent identity theft.

   
   

Resources for Older Adults Concerned About Scams

By staying informed about common tactics, being cautious with unsolicited offers, and knowing where to turn for help, older adults can protect themselves and their loved ones from harm. Vigilance, skepticism, and support from trusted organizations are the best defenses against ever-evolving scams.

If you or someone you know is worried about scams, there are several organizations and resources that could help:

• Federal Trade Commission (FTC): Provides information on the latest scams and allows you to report suspicious activity. Visit www.ftc.gov or call 877-382-4357.

• IRS Scam Alerts: Posts warnings and advice about current tax scams at www.irs.gov/newsroom/tax-scams-consumer-alerts. 

• National Elder Fraud Hotline: The Department of Justice provides this call line for individuals aged 60 or above to report incidents of fraud they have encountered. Call 833–372–8311.

• AARP Fraud Watch Network: AARP offers scam tracking maps, prevention tips, and a helpline for victims. Visit www.aarp.org/money/scams-fraud or call 877-908-3360.

• Local Law Enforcement and Adult Protective Services (APS): If you believe you are a victim, contact your local police or your county or state’s APS for assistance. Call 800-490-8505 for the Statewide Elder Abuse Helpline.